Have you ever ever had the prospect to observe the film: ‘Memoirs of a Geisha’? Or at the very least learn the ebook? I’ve finished each at a younger age and I immediately fell in love with Japan’s geisha as I witnessed their distinctive magnificence, grace, and self-discipline. In truth, ever since then, I’ve been deeply enamored by their mystifying world — which, fortunately, has nonetheless survived as much as today!
I say ‘survived’ as a result of I used to be additionally within the samurai (Japan’s olden warriors who sometimes serve a feudal lord or daimyo). I badly needed to witness their noble lifestyle; nevertheless, it stumbled upon the upsetting proven fact that they not exist.
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Apparently, their social class has died down across the late 1800s after the emperor favored a contemporary western-style military. Immediately, there could also be descendants and individuals who nonetheless attempt to observe samurai swordsmanship, BUT it’s not the identical given how the entire samurai way of life and system are non-existent anymore.
The geisha custom just isn’t as outdated because the samurai nevertheless it IS outdated and I need to say… I’ve developed some form of gentle concern that they may finally disappear too — which I hope to goodness, they gained’t. This fear of mine makes a little bit of sense as a result of there aren’t that a lot of them anymore. To place it into numbers, again within the Nineteen Twenties geishas numbered round 80,000. The present quantity? It’s now estimated to be only one,000 to 2,000! Due to this, I’ve really made ‘assembly or seeing a legit geisha‘ as an merchandise on the very prime of my bucket record.
Fortunately, I’ve already made that dream come true from a few of the many journeys I’ve finished to Japan! As an example, I talked to a geisha in Tokyo and Kyoto over a dinner banquet, I performed video games with 2 younger senior maiko in Niigata, I caught sight of a authentic maiko (who was on her approach to work) in one in every of Kyoto’s slender alleys, and I even watched two younger Japanese maikos carry out in Gion Nook amongst many others.
I undoubtedly really feel fortunate for having the prospect to bear these breathtaking experiences, and now that I’ve met and seen them, my want for his or her practices to proceed for eternity has been strengthened much more! It’s also my want that extra folks would get to know their custom — and the actual one at that.
I say this as a result of there’s a LOT of misunderstandings in regards to the geisha occupation. In truth, ‘Memoirs of a Geisha‘ is a primary instance of this! Because it was made in Hollywood, it certainly had a number of features that have been false (if not overly romanticized) thereby contributing to the already rising misconceptions of the tradition. Because of my discussions with a number of geishas, in addition to to my lengthy analysis sprees, I’ve come to be taught MORE of the reality.
Immediately, I can be imparting that information with you in order that you can also be cleared of any misconceptions that you’ll have about them.
~ Topmost picture from Shutterstock
Geisha Details
» What’s a Geisha?
A geisha, which interprets to English as “performing artist” or “artisan”, is a high-class skilled and conventional feminine entertainer in Japan educated in numerous types of artwork. Within the west of Japan comparable to in Kyoto, they use one other title which is geiko. Whereas within the Kanto space (round Tokyo), they name them geigi. For Tokyo and different locations, they simply generally use the phrase geisha.
For the sake of consistency on this article, I’ll use the phrase geisha. In addition to, it’s a widely known time period that’s used to embody each that of western Japan’s geiko/geigi and Tokyo’s geisha.
Geishas are often employed to take care of friends (who’re predominantly and historically male) throughout banquets, meals, events, and different events as they show their expertise via numerous methods comparable to dancing to a tune performed with a shamisen (a Japanese stringed instrument), initiating video games, doing the artwork of dialog, and extra.
For these affairs, they meet up with their friends at an ochaya* (tea home) or at a ryōtei (conventional Japanese restaurant) and cost their clients by the hour with flat charges.
Ochaya are extremely unique locations that usually solely grant entry to common or trusted clients. That is primarily due to how they function: they don’t invoice their friends on the finish of the night, however somewhat as soon as a month for all of the bills accrued.
That being stated, there’s a particular stage of belief concerned. As an example, not nearly anybody can go as much as an ochaya with out being launched to it first by an already current buyer (and that current buyer would basically threat their repute by trusting the habits of the individual that they’re introducing to the ochaya). Going by this prepare of thought, hiring a geisha to have a dinner banquet with just isn’t straightforward particularly should you’re not Japanese and never well-connected, as it’s unique AND costly.
Luckily, most ochaya have lessened their restrictions up to now years, and vacationers can now have a geisha dinner in the event that they undergo partnered journey businesses and inns. Nevertheless, you’ll nonetheless want to arrange a substantial price range for this as a result of a full dinner will be price round 50,000 yen and up ($470~ or Php 22,500~) per geisha or maiko. This does NOT embody dinner but which begins at 10,000 yen ($95~ or Php 4,500~), in addition to an interpreter should you don’t know tips on how to communicate Japanese (since geishas and maikos don’t prepare in English dialog).
Need to meet with a geisha?
TRIVIA: Some folks will say that it’s a ‘waste’ of cash to have a geisha dinner should you don’t communicate Japanese — the magic of all of it could stop to exist! They are saying that it is because you’ll be lacking out on one in every of their finest abilities: dialog or witty banter.
.Regardless of the case, that is all as much as you after all! The way in which I see it, it would certainly be a waste of cash, BUT I don’t assume it’s a foul thought to do it anyway and get an interpreter (higher but, drag alongside your Japanese good friend). And should you’re up for it, there are additionally already a number of educated and acknowledged foreigner geisha in Japan who can communicate English. I went via this expertise myself and I loved it a lot! (To be taught extra about these trendy foreigner geishas, go right here).
“Why are geisha costly to ebook?!“
To begin with, not solely is their coaching lengthy, meticulous, and expensive (which they need to slowly pay again to their okiya or geisha home), however their entire apparel (handmade kimono that are designed only for them) are expensive too — it could actually begin at $10,000!
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» What Is a Maiko?
A maiko, which interprets to English as “dancing baby”, is an apprentice geisha.
Traditionally, a maiko begins her coaching at a younger age of round 3 or 5 years outdated. However now, their coaching begins at a a lot later date. In Kyoto, they begin at 15 or 16, and in Tokyo, they begin at 18.
Nonetheless, any lady who desires to enter the neighborhood doesn’t have to start as a maiko as a result of it’s stated that they’ll already proceed to be a geisha. Nonetheless and the identical, they’re required to do at the very least a yr’s price of coaching earlier than debuting as a full-fledged geisha. For ladies who’re aged 21 to 23 and above, they’re deemed to be too outdated to grow to be maikos so that they already grow to be a geisha after they get accepted to the neighborhood — once more, nonetheless with coaching beforehand.
In Tokyo, maikos are referred to as as hangyoku (“half jewel”) they usually can stay to be so till they’re 23. For the sake of consistency on this article, I’ll use the phrase maiko.
Historical past of Geisha
» The First Geisha
Geishas began to seem within the pleasure quarters of Japan earlier than the flip of the 18th century — however one fascinating proven fact that you will need to know is that the primary geishas have been really males, referred to as taikomochi (drum or taiko-bearer, although not all of them used this Japanese drum) or hōkan (jester).
These male geishas principally began as ‘jesters’. They attended to daimyo (feudal lords) within the thirteenth century and offered leisure, if not assist advise their lord about army methods. Within the sixteenth century, they grew to become storytellers (otogishu or hanashishu) and even battled alongside their lord at instances. When peace started within the seventeenth century, they somewhat needed to change their function to being pure entertainers.
The primary feminine geisha (onna) appeared round 1751 and she or he was referred to as a geiko (which now stays to be the time period for geisha in Kyoto). Finally, teenage odoriko who have been expensively-trained “dancing women” or dancers-for-hire began to seem as effectively.
By the tip of the 18th century, feminine geisha outnumbered the males and the latter’s roles have as soon as once more modified — this time round, as assistants to the ladies throughout events. As time handed additional on, being a geisha was primarily thought to be a feminine occupation. It grew to become so widespread that a whole lot of them began to work primarily as entertainers. Anybody who was promoting intercourse (which was in opposition to their supposed sort of work) have been imprisoned with a view to defend the oiran who have been licensed high-class courtesans or prostitutes at the moment.
Immediately, there are solely about 8 taikomochi in Japan — 4 in Tokyo, 1 in Kyoto, and the remainder are scattered across the nation.
.UPDATE: I used to be advised that as of 2012, there exists a working geisha who additionally owns an ‘okiya’ and he’s male! His title is Eitaro, dubbed as Japan’s solely male geisha who performs as a feminine dancer, and he’s present in Tokyo’s Omori district.
When World Warfare II started, geishas began to say no. They needed to shut their okiya (geisha homes) and the teahouses, in addition to bars, needed to shut store as effectively. In consequence, they went to different locations in Japan for security or for work (comparable to in factories, and so on.). It didn’t assist both that some prostitutes began to check with themselves as “geisha women” to American army males.
Nonetheless, when the warfare ended, the returning geishas made it some extent to reinstate their conventional requirements as highly-skilled entertainers, and on the identical time, they proposed elevated rights for his or her occupation.
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» Is an Oiran a Geisha?
Under no circumstances! As I’ve beforehand talked about, the geishas set themselves other than oirans who have been high-ranking courtesans.
In Japanese historical past, courtesans have completely different ranks and oiran have been thought of greater in standing than the frequent prostitutes often known as yūjo (girl of delight). The oiran have been even recognized for his or her exclusivity as they serviced higher clientele at exorbitant costs; in any case, even when they have been engaged in prostitution, they have been extremely expert in numerous conventional arts. In truth, the highest-ranking oiran even has a say within the clients that they need to absorb.
In 1800, nevertheless, the oiran slowly fell out of demand when rich Japanese males and retailers began to desire geishas as their companion of alternative as a consequence of their ‘stylish’ and trendy demeanor..
Merely put: the rise of the geisha was the autumn of the oiran.
The numbers of oiran steadily declined after which vanished when Japan outlawed prostitution in 1956. Immediately, there are solely oiran “reenactors” who proceed to carry out in Japan (largely in Kyoto) — however they don’t present courtesan companies, they largely do exhibits and parades often known as oiran dōchū.
Left & center picture by: Japanexperterna / CC | Proper picture by: Keisuke Makino / CC
Immediately’s Geisha
» Present quantity
The geisha custom is dwindling as a consequence of its exclusivity, costly worth, and conventional kind; nonetheless, it’s in Kyoto the place it stays to be the strongest right this moment. Kyoto can be the head space the place assembly geishas stays to be the very best and most prestigious in its 5 hanamachi (geisha districts or “flower cities”), specifically: Gion Kōbu, Ponto-chō, Kamishichiken, Gion Higashi, and Miyagawa-chō.
If now we have to place it into numbers, as I’ve beforehand talked about, there solely about 1,000 to 2,000 geisha now, and they’re present in a number of cities throughout Japan — Kyoto, Tokyo (with well-known hanamachi of Shimbashi, Asakusa, and Kagurazaka) and Kanazawa. It’s stated that there are about 300 in Kyoto — however the actual numbers there in addition to in different areas are unknown to us outsiders.
Talking of hanamachi, these are locations which are usually known as the ‘flower and willow world’ (karyukai). Provided that they’re speckled with okiya and ochaya institutions which are owned and run by ladies, all the facility is held by females. Males in these districts are somewhat primarily artisans, dressers, or wig makers. If I’ll add, kids who’re women are additionally most well-liked in order that they’ll later tackle the enterprise — curiously sufficient, this can be a trait that’s in distinction to the remainder of Japan.
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» Foreigner or Non-Japanese Geisha
In an effort to sustain with the instances, some okiya have been accepting international nationals as geishas. To this point there are just a few of them which were admitted and beneath are their Japanese names. (Information beneath is as of 2016.)
- Ibu — Debuted in Anjō of Aichi Prefecture within the Ichikoma okiya on October 5, 2010
- Eve is initially from Ukraine [Retired ~ source]
- Juri — Debuted within the resort city of Yugawara in Kanagawa prefecture
- Maria is initially from Peru [Unsure if still working or retired ~ source]
- Fukutarō — Debuted in Izu-Nagaoka district of Shizuoka Prefecture in 2011
- Isabella Onou is initially from Romania [Retired ~ source]
- Sayuki — Debuted in Asakusa district of Tokyo in 2007 and have become the primary registered international geisha in Japan. In 2011, she has been disassociated with the Asakusa Geisha Affiliation and has since labored independently in Fukugawa district.
- Fiona Graham is initially from Australia [Working ~ source]
- Rinka — Debuted in Shimoda of Shizuoka Prefecture on September 2011
- Mutsuki — Debuted in Shinagawa district of Tokyo
- Yixin is initially from China [Working ~ source]
- Kimicho — Debuted in Oimachi district of Shinagawa, Tokyo on August 2015
- Sydney Stephens is initially from America [Retired in 2017 due to personal reasons ~ source]
I had the pleasure of assembly and speaking to Kimicho! Learn in regards to the interview right here.
You’ll not see foreigner or non- Japanese geishas admitted (but) in Kyoto since they nonetheless stay to be strictly conventional. Nonetheless, it’s nice to see that the remainder of Japan is slowly opening its geisha custom to others who love the tradition, even when they aren’t of Japanese descent!
High Myths
1 MYTH: Geishas are prostitutes.
TRUTH: Geishas are NOT prostitutes.
They’re and at all times can be highly-skilled entertainers. It helps to notice as effectively that prostitution is prohibited in Japan ever since 1956. Plus, though there have been a few of them within the olden instances who supplied intercourse to their shoppers, it helps to notice that it was NOT part of their true conventional perform or coaching — name them rebels if you’ll, they usually may simply be so since as I’ve mentioned beforehand, a geisha is imprisoned up to now ought to they ever provide intercourse to others casually (additionally as a approach to defend the oiran).
In fact, a geisha is free to pursue private relationships with any man that she meets via work; however such would almost certainly by no means be informal nor will it ever be her objective for such an interplay. They reside in a geisha district (hanamachi) which is a really closely-knit neighborhood, and given how enormously they worth their repute, they’d at all times decide their relationships fastidiously. Ought to they ever fall in love and need to marry, then typically they need to retire as a result of geishas (most particularly in Kyoto) are anticipated to be single. Nonetheless, there at the moment are a whole lot of locations in Japan like Tokyo that permit married, divorced, and/or ladies with kids to grow to be geishas.
2 MYTH: Geishas have private relationships with a patron or danna.
TRUTH: That is NOT true right this moment.
It might have been a practice up to now for them to take a danna or a patron who was rich sufficient to assist the bills associated to her coaching and different prices with a view to have a private relationship in return (which was not inherently sexual). However right this moment, it is vitally uncommon for a geisha to have a private relationship with a danna, and will they ever have one (which is uncommon as a result of most of them like to be autonomous now), it’s primarily due to the patron’s want to assist extend the geisha arts and traditions — nothing extra. Once more, a geisha and her danna can fall in love however intimacy is rarely considered as an trade for the danna’s monetary assist.
3 MYTH: Younger women are bought to okiya (geisha homes) by their dad and mom due to poverty.
TRUTH: It might have occurred approach up to now, however these days, NO.
Immediately, there aren’t any younger women bought to an okiya as a consequence of poverty; in any case, it’s extra of a private profession alternative with a view to grow to be one. In truth, a whole lot of women have to influence their dad and mom right this moment with a view to allow them to grow to be a maiko/geisha. As soon as a woman’s dad and mom consent to it, she must be interviewed first by the affiliation in addition to the feminine homeowners of the okiya (geisha home) earlier than being accepted.
4 MYTH: Geishas are led by males and cash (as portrayed within the film: Memoirs of a Geisha).
TRUTH: That is NOT true.
It helps to at all times do not forget that the film was primarily fictional and set to be ‘sellable’ to audiences. (Properly, howdy Hollywood!). Being a geisha is like being an artist or a performer — it’s a decent occupation. And very like any profession you pursue in life that you’re enthusiastic about, you do it since you adore it whereas additionally incomes your dwelling from it. They don’t go round chasing after males both; it simply so occurs that the those who they current their artwork and performances to are predominantly males.
5 MYTH: Maiko goes via mizuage whereby a patron would pay to take their virginity. (As additionally seen in ‘Memoirs of a Geisha’).
TRUTH: Nope, under no circumstances!
This sort of mizuage was really a ceremony finished by younger courtesans and prostitutes up to now — NOT by maikos. Although there are speculations that this mizuage (taking of the virginity) was finished by some maikos up to now, what’s necessary to recollect is that that is NOT finished right this moment nor was it ever historically accepted to be finished by geishas for his or her maikos. The one sort of mizuage that maikos have finished was a ceremony whereby older geishas would symbolically minimize the topknot of the maiko’s hair to suggest her coming of age (of changing into an grownup).
Tips on how to Turn into a Geisha
Coaching to grow to be a geisha by which you begin as a maiko begins at 15 or 16 in Kyoto and 18 in Tokyo (up to now, it began at 3 – 5 years outdated). Lately, women should have at the very least graduated from center faculty (besides Kyoto who has particular legal guidelines for it) earlier than they’ll make the choice to coach as a maiko and finally grow to be a geisha.
Nevertheless, it’s extra frequent for younger Japanese ladies to begin coaching after highschool or faculty, and much more would start later. If they’re above 21 to 23, they’ll already begin as a geisha (with a yr’s coaching) since they’re too outdated to be a maiko. Having stated that, one doesn’t have to begin as a maiko since they’ll already begin to prepare as a geisha — however after all, the attract of the general complete coaching course of as you progress from a maiko to a full-fledged geisha will be fairly an expertise. It could actually additionally add extra to 1’s hype or repute in the neighborhood.
So with a view to grow to be a geisha, when you attain the age requirement, you or your dad or mum have to contact, for instance, Ookini Zaidan or the guild for all of Kyoto’s hanamachi companies. You have to fulfill their different primary necessities, specifically: you will need to not be taller than 160cm, you’re at the very least 43kg in weight, are prepared to coach within the conventional arts for years with out contact with your loved ones, and so on. As soon as they take into account you an excellent candidate, they’ll ship out your profile to okiya homes that may be fascinated by coaching you.
NOTE: An okiya will shoulder all of your bills for meals, coaching, garments, and so on. as soon as you’re accepted by them. From that time onward, you’re bonded by a contract, and once you begin working, you’ll be able to slowly repay these money owed.
In case you are non-Japanese, Kyoto is a tough atmosphere to crack in so that you’re higher off making use of to different locations like Tokyo. If not making use of to an okiya your self, it will likely be lots higher if you already know somebody who can introduce you to an okasan or a mom of an okiya/geisha home. Talking of which, do NOT attempt to apply should you don’t know the Japanese language but; in any other case, completely no okiya will take you!
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» Maiko Coaching
Photographs by: My Kyoto Picture / CC
There are a number of levels to bear should you first prepare as a maiko. To begin with, the stage of…
Shikomi. As you’re taken in, you’ll first be thought to be a shikomi or somebody who principally works as a helper for the okiya as you do errands, assist different geishas and maikos costume up, and so on. Throughout this stage, you’re additionally slowly being educated into the life-style. Instance: you’ll be taught to regulate to sporting a conventional yukata as regular clothes, develop out your hair, be taught the correct demeanor, go to highschool (kaburejo or nyokobo) to be taught the humanities of the shamisen instrument, dance, tea ceremony, and so on.
» This will final for about 6 months earlier than going to the following stage.
Minarai. At this level, you’ll begin your formal coaching and be thought to be a minarai which accurately means “studying by watching”. On this stage, you should have an older geisha for a mentor whom you’ll name onēsan (sister) and this can be a bond that may keep for all times. You’re then anticipated to accompany your onesan to ozashiki (dinner banquet occasions) as a way to sit and observe her in addition to different geishas and maikos work together with the purchasers. Via this fashion, you’ll not solely achieve actual insights into the job however additionally, you will achieve the prospect to know potential shoppers. At instances, your onesan will help you carry out however she’s going to preserve an in depth eye on you. (FYI: Oftentimes, you’ll know should you noticed an actual maiko or geisha once you see them being accompanied by a singular shikomi or minarai wearing a easy kimono or yukata with no make-up or equipment on.)
» This coaching interval begins a month earlier than your official debut as a maiko.
Misedashi. That is your official debut as a maiko and this ceremony is sort of a grand public occasion whereby your title can be unfold out throughout the hanamachi. Additionally, you will bear a ritual referred to as as sansankudo (additionally finished in marriage ceremony ceremonies) the place you trade cups along with your onesan, different geishas, and senior maikos — individuals who you at the moment are sure to. Afterward, you at the moment are free to carry your individual events and carry out in festivals; however you’ll at all times be a part of your onesan at her occasions and additionally, you will proceed studying from her.
» Usually, this stage will final about 4 to five years.
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» Debuting as a Geisha
Picture by: My Kyoto Picture / CC
Erikae. Across the age of 21 to 23, you’ll be promoted as a full-fledged geisha in one more public ceremony referred to as erikae or “turning of the collar” whereby because the title implies, they’ll flip your purple collar to white as an indication of your transition to maturity from that of a maiko lady right into a geisha girl.
Geisha. You’ll proceed learning, working, and holding ozashiki banquets till you repay your money owed to your okiya. You possibly can additionally tackle a minarai/maiko beneath your wing. When your money owed to your okiya are settled, you could select to maneuver out, work independently, or proceed dwelling within the okiya.
Hiki-iwai. This can be a celebration that marks your retirement as a geisha, and it may be due to numerous causes: you need to stop the geisha life, you need to pursue one other profession, you’re too outdated to work publicly, you need to get married, otherwise you need to grow to be an okami-san (proprietress of both an ochaya or okiya).
Realistically-speaking nevertheless, not a whole lot of maikos make it to the geisha stage as a result of the life-style will be fairly tough. Additionally, as soon as somebody does grow to be a geisha, it’s additionally frequent for them to retire inside 5 years of their debut.
Anyhow, geishas and maikos alike are celebrated they usually have a HUGE fanbase — not solely in Japan however worldwide too!
Tips on how to Establish Geisha & Maiko
As you go to Japan, be aware of the beneath factors that will help you shortly differentiate a geisha from their apprentice (maiko):
» Age
As I’ve already mentioned, maikos often begin their coaching at a younger age (15 to 16 for Kyoto and 18 for Tokyo) so they’re much youthful than a full-fledged geisha who typically begin at round 21 to 23.
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» Make-up
.On a typical day, a maiko can be seen sporting essentially the most recognizable function of geishas: the total white face make-up. Geisha, however, do NOT have this make-up on except they’re going to do a particular efficiency or dinner banquet.
Maikos will at all times have a noticeable white band of unpainted pores and skin on their hairline (since they don’t put on wigs) and their eyebrows can be shaded in purple or pink, their cheeks blushed, and their eyes outlined with black eyeliner and purple eyeshadow. In the course of the early levels of their coaching, ‘junior’ maikos (or minarai) will solely have their decrease lip painted in purple, and as they advance (as ‘senior’ maikos), each of their lips can be painted however solely in a skinny line.
For geisha who have to have their face painted after they work, other than having no seen a part of uncovered pores and skin close to their hairline (provided that they put on wigs), their eyebrows will even solely have a faint shade of purple, their eyes outlined in black (if a ‘senior’ geisha) or with a slight purple (in the event that they’re a ‘junior’ geisha) and their lips painted absolutely in purple.
Left picture by: Joe Baz / CC | Circle & proper picture by: Annie Guilloret / CC
NOTE: This white make-up absolutely covers the geisha or maiko’s face, neck, and chest — apart from the nape (referred to as komata or the again of an individual’s neck) which they’ll make certain is seen after they would, in a while, put on their kimono (as seen in a few of the photographs on the earlier a part of this submit). This half is taken into account to be a historically erotic space in Japan so that they intensify this sensuality by usually leaving an inverted “V” form on a geisha and an inverted “W” form (sanbonashi) on those that simply debuted as maikos. This type known as as eri-ashi or eriashi.
.TRIVIA: Within the olden instances, geishas practiced ohaguro or the Japanese customized of blackening one’s tooth and it lasted till the tip of the Meiji interval (although at instances, there are nonetheless some Kyoto geiko right this moment who typically have pitch-black tooth). In these instances, pitch-black objects have been thought to be stunning so they’d their tooth blackened particularly when they’re coming of age as an indication of maturity and wonder (women, boys, and even nobles did it too).
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» Hair
Geishas often put on wigs, whereas maikos have their hair styled naturally. A geisha’s wig and a maiko’s pure hair are usually styled by highly-skilled artisans. These days, nevertheless, conventional hairstyling is slowly phasing out as a result of it could actually typically result in balding on the highest of their head. Nonetheless, it stays to be practiced.
Maikos have their hair styled within the wareshinobu type consisting of two “wings” and an enormous bun on the heart; however when a maiko turns senior, she’s going to placed on an ofuku coiffure and this often begins after 2 to three years of being a maiko (the one distinction with the wareshinobu type is how the ofuku type has an oblong piece of fabric pinned on the backside of the bun with no purple material protruding).
The wig worn by geisha known as katsura that’s styled within the taka shimada coiffure. At instances, this wig can change and styled right into a kyoufuu shimada type. In instances when they aren’t sporting a wig, geishas put up a yohatsu coiffure which accurately means ‘western type’ since it’s modeled to western updo’s or perms.
Left picture by: My Kyoto Picture / CC | Proper picture by: Hiromu Aoki / CC
TRIVIA: All maikos have their hair styled elaborately each week. To maintain their coiffure intact, maikos sleep with their necks on small helps or particular pillows referred to as as takamakura. I can’t discover a picture on-line that I’m allowed to make use of however should you’ve watched the film Memoirs of a Geisha, you’ll know what I’m speaking about.
HAIR ORNAMENTS. Maikos put on extra elaborate ornamental hair ornaments referred to as as kanzashi and the designs can fluctuate relying on the stage of coaching that they’re presently in. A primary-year maiko will put on shidare-kanzashi that flows down the complete facet of their face from her hair to her chin, symbolizing their youth. A junior maiko may have a kanakodome or particular hair decoration in addition to a purple piece of silk (signifying that she’s nonetheless a toddler) on the middle of her bun together with a whole lot of hair ornaments, notably a daikin (major entrance kanzashi), an enormous seasonal kanzashi (worn on the left a part of her hair) and a katsuyama bridge (an enormous crown-like kanzashi positioned in entrance of the bun). For senior maikos, essentially the most notable change is that they’ll cease sporting the katsuyama bridge and begin sporting colourful kushi (comb that’s much less ornamental than a katsuyama bridge, thus signifying maturity).
In distinction, geishas put on less complicated kanzashi or smaller hair ornaments like a kushi (comb-shaped kanzashi), maezashi (small hairpins), tama kanzashi (single-colored bead hairpin), and hanemottoi (silver paper wires atop the hair).
Photographs by: My Kyoto Picture / CC
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» Outfit & Footwear
KIMONO. A maiko often wears a colorfully-designed hikizuri kimono (Japanese conventional garment) that has furisode or long-sleeves garment that just about contact the bottom (generally worn by single ladies), together with a wider, longer, and heavier obi (sash) that’s set to appear to be a bow because it drapes right down to their again exhibiting the tip which has the kamon or the emblem of the maiko’s okiya or geisha home — this obi is definitely referred to as as a darara obi. A maiko’s collar can be a definite function as a result of it’s thick and embroidered, hangs very loosely, and is principally within the colour purple (different colours can solely be gold or white). It can slowly have white embroidered patterns as they advance of their coaching however it is going to at all times stay to be dominantly purple.
TRIVIA: Wanna know the most costly merchandise in a geisha or maiko’s outfit? It’s the pocchiri or obidome which is an adjunct on the obi (belt) made of costly actual jewels comparable to jade, agate, quartz, pearl and extra that may simply match the value of a luxurious automobile. Usually nevertheless, a pocchiri accent is just often worn by a maiko.
Geishas, who’re extra mature, put on extra subdued however refined kimonos with shorter sleeves (kosode) which are often in a single colour with a easy sample on the backside. Their kimono can be stated to be within the tomesode type or essentially the most formal kimono a married girl can put on which is basically signifying their maturity. Additionally, their obi is shorter and it seems to be like a sq. bow knot on the again referred to as a ‘taiko musubi obi’. Lastly, their collars are fully white and are usually not as unfastened. (Nonetheless, each maikos and geishas put on kimonos in line with the season).
NOTE: Wanna attempt to put on a kimono? There are kimono rental outlets in Tokyo! Learn right here to be taught extra.
TRIVIA: Questioning in regards to the ‘bag’ that they often deliver together with them? That’s referred to as a kago or a bag with a bamboo base and it comprises enterprise playing cards, dancing followers and different equipment — however by no means electronics, as they aren’t allowed to deliver them whereas working. Furthermore, even a maiko and geisha has variations within the bag: maikos have vibrant and colourful kago, whereas geishas have minimal or solid-colored kago.
FOOTWEAR. Maikos usually put on excessive wood sandals to stop their kimono from touching the bottom, and they’re referred to as as okobo. Geishas use shorter wood sandals referred to as zori or senryo geta. Maikos will put on this too if the scenario requires it; however they put on okobo extra.
Left picture by: Japonismo / CC | Proper picture by: Tugumi Yoshikawa. / CC
IMPORTANT NOTE: The maiko within the picture above is sporting a black kimono as a result of she has simply formally debuted as a maiko. However general, a maiko’s kimono is way more colourful and daring with greater patterns (a geisha’s patterns on her kimono solely begin on the backside hem and by no means goes over the waistline). Plus, a maiko’s obi often has her okiya’s crest printed on the backside (as additionally seen within the picture above).
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You possibly can even differentiate a junior from a senior maiko from the patterns on their shoulders — a junior maiko has them on each shoulders, whereas a senior maiko solely has it in a single shoulder.
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» Tips on how to spot pretend a maiko and geisha
You might need heard of makeover (henshin) studios in Japan that may costume vacationers up as a geisha or maiko for a day. With this in thoughts, in case you have ever seen one when you are round fashionable spots in Japan — like in components of Kyoto or Tokyo — it’s extremely possible that you’ve witnessed or took an image with a pretend one.
That will help you determine and spot these vacationers who’re solely dressing up, see beneath the a number of options that they’ll possess. Finally, henshin studios make it some extent to NOT costume up their shoppers authentically; in any other case, they are going to be shut down by the authorities.
- They’ve mismatched hairstyles, make-up, and clothes. Bearing in mind the descriptions that I’ve made beforehand of genuine geishas and maikos’ options, a vacationer in disguise will at all times have a incorrect mixture of traits. For instance, most of them may have the ornamental lengthy hair decoration (of a junior maiko) but with each her lips painted (like a senior maiko or geisha) and with a wig on (although some outlets can now do your hair too). They will even have shorter sleeves on the kimono regardless of being dressed up as maiko.
. - They’re strolling round crowded areas. A real maiko or geisha is aware of that she is sought out by vacationers they usually can get ‘mobbed’ in a way; so, you’ll NEVER discover them strolling via a populated space whereas of their full regalia. What they often do is stroll via again streets and alleyways with a view to keep away from the gang. Therefore, should you ever see a maiko or geisha strolling casually via a widely known place, she is definitely a vacationer dressed up as one.
. - They’re out throughout the early time of the day. Geishas and maikos generally work within the evenings; although it’s potential that they’re booked for an early banquet, it nearly occurs not often.
. - They’re willingly taking photographs with others. Geishas and maikos are literally paid for the time that requires them to get from level A to level B; so when they’re out on the streets, they’ll by no means cease by to take photographs with vacationers. (You possibly can at all times ask them although should you can take a photograph, however do it fast). Subsequently, should you see one who’s taking her candy time pleasing a crowd of vacationers to take a photograph of her (except it’s an official occasion) then she is a vacationer who had a makeover.
. - They’re accompanied by different people who find themselves in regular clothes. Noticed a geisha or maiko with an elder or a companion who has to assist her whereas she walks in her excessive wood footwear? That’s a vacationer. Actual geishas and maikos are educated to stroll effectively with their zori or okobo sandals. In addition to, they at all times know their approach round city too. If they’re ever accompanied, it is going to often be by a younger lady in a kimono who will carry her belongings (as talked about beforehand, this can be a brand new maiko in coaching who known as a ‘shikomi’ or ‘minarai’).
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Really, you wouldn’t pay attention to it however you might need had a authentic geisha or maiko in your midst particularly once you’re strolling round in Kyoto. Once they’re of their regular garments (comparable to a yukata), figuring out them will naturally be robust — except you’re a fan who acknowledges their face or except they’re sporting their signature kimono and conventional white make-up (shiro-nuri).
NOTE: There’s one other sort other than henshin vacationers whom you might simply mistake as authentic geishas and maikos, they usually’re referred to as furisode-san or kimono-san.
.A longtime enterprise by ‘Furisode Gakuin’ at Tokyo’s Asakusa district within the Nineties, these furisode-san are paid entertainers solely who mimic the look and companies of geishas and maikos at a less expensive worth (often round 25,000 yen or $250 for a 2-hour occasion). They solely have about 3 months of coaching and once more — they’re NOT actual geishas nor maikos.
.In truth, a lot of the geisha experiences that you simply might need learn in different journey blogs are literally experiences with a furisode-san. How do the Japanese really feel about these folks? A mixture of approval and disapproval. Approval since they assist collect curiosity in actual geishas; disapproval since they deem it as disrespectful to the actual custom.
.How then can you make sure that you’re not reserving an expertise with a furisode-san? Aside from a budget worth as an indicator, just remember to ebook via authentic journey businesses who solely search to offer actual geisha/maiko experiences (be aware: I’ll replace this part quickly with related hyperlinks for reserving legit geishas).
The place to Discover and Meet Geisha?
The geisha world must survive. It used to solely be solely accessible for the wealthy or well-connected Japanese, however now it’s potential for different folks in addition to vacationers to fulfill and see them via journey businesses and inns.
However definitely, like I discussed above, a personal face-to-face dinner banquet or occasion can nonetheless show to be dear. If such is the case for you — don’t fret as a result of there are nonetheless different methods to see REAL geishas and maikos at a a lot inexpensive worth as listed beneath…
- Go ebook a spot in Niigata Hanamachi Chaya’s program in Niigata Metropolis. That is the most cost-effective approach to meet, play, and discuss to an actual geishas up shut because you solely need to pay 3,000 yen ($26~ of Php 1,300~). It’s similar to an ozashiki (dinner banquet) expertise. To search out out extra about it, learn this: Meet, Play & Discuss with Niigata’s Furumachi Geigi (Geisha) for Solely $26!
- Go to Miyako Odori in Kyoto. This can be a yearly spring dance throughout April finished by Kyoto’s geishas and maikos. Ticket costs begin at 2,500 yen ($24~ or Php 1,100~) and you’ll see extra data about this right here.
- Go to Kamishichiken in Kyoto throughout February and July to September. Geishas and maikos of this district serve tea and wagashi (conventional Japanese sweets) to about 3,000 friends in an annual open-air tea ceremony held on February 25 (the plum-blossom competition within the Shinto shrine of Kitano Tenman-gū). Moreover, ever since 2010, there’s a beer backyard that opens as much as the general public on the Kamishichiken Kaburenjo Theatre from July to August (6PM to 10PM) the place you may get the prospect to be served by maikos and geishas. At evening, geishas would additionally typically to conventional dances.
- Go to the slender alleyways of Gion, Kyoto to catch sight of a maiko or geisha. The primary time I caught a glimpse of an actual maiko was after I was strolling via Gion (on my approach to Gion Nook). It was all unplanned since I used to be simply following the quickest strolling route proven to me by Google Maps! I used to be mindlessly going via slender streets when ‘lo and behold, I noticed a maiko rising from a close-by alleyway who proceeded to face on the nook, seemingly ready for her taxi. From what I bear in mind, it was across the Tominagacho space; my associates advised me that it was potential that the maiko I noticed visited a close-by shrine/temple earlier than going to work (which they often do).
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“When is the very best time to identify a maiko or geiko in Kyoto?”
Their work typically begins at round 6PM to 8PM so it’s potential to see them whereas they’re on their approach to the teahouse (strolling or getting on a taxi). However ordinarily, you’ll be able to have a greater likelihood of discovering geishas or maikos at round 10PM to 11PM on the streets of Gion after they make their approach again to their okiya. (Once more, be aware of my ideas above on tips on how to spot the actual ones!).
Sadly, there may be NO assure that you will note them as they are often elusive and they are often wherever! Although in case you have the time, it’s advisable to linger in a single place to extend your probabilities of sighting them. It’s stated that the most typical hubs could be the road of Pontocho Alley finish of Shijo-dori and Hanamikoji-dori (round 5-6PM) provided that a whole lot of the okiya are discovered there. Plus, as I discussed above, it doesn’t damage to cross by the encircling shrines or temples since they may have made a cease there to hope earlier than going to work.
TIP: If you wish to do a guided tour round Kyoto and be taught extra about geishas, you’ll be able to be a part of this geisha district tour.
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NOTE: Don’t count on to see geishas and maikos of their full regalia round Gion throughout “Obon Pageant”, the annual Buddhist occasion for commemorating the souls of 1’s ancestors, as a result of they don’t work at the moment. This occurs throughout the center of August.
.ETIQUETTE: Do you have to ever see a geisha or maiko as you undergo the alleyways of Gion, be respectful. Taking a fast picture is ok so long as you don’t get of their approach; however after all, it’s additionally extra tactful should you ask for his or her permission first. Additionally, NEVER ever contact them and their kimono nor pull them again to make them cease and pose for you; that’s simply plain impolite BUT additionally as a result of it’s a must to do not forget that their kimonos are INCREDIBLY costly. A well-known geisha as soon as stated this: “We aren’t Mickey mouse and this isn’t Disney World, we’re not right here to entertain the general public, we’re right here to entertain our patrons.”
- Go and watch the present at Gion Nook in Kyoto. This can be a theater that presents common one-hour exhibits of seven performing arts in Kyoto — one in every of which is the well-known kyo-mai dance efficiency by maiko dancers. There are 2 exhibits day-after-day at 6PM and 7PM [see schedule here] with costs for adults at 3,150 yen ($30~ or Php 1,400). I went to this present and I liked it! (Lots of people on TripAdvisor left such dangerous critiques for this present, however that’s primarily as a result of they didn’t learn their pamphlet beforehand; most of them didn’t perceive that there are 6 Japanese performances which are other than the well-anticipated maiko dance.)
- Go to Azuma Odori in Tokyo. A dance efficiency by the geishas of Shinbanshi, Tokyo is held yearly on the Shinbanshi Enbujo Theater in Might. (For more information, go right here).
Different FAQ About Geisha & Maiko
They’re NOT prostitutes. Geishas are and at all times can be highly-skilled entertainers — nothing extra, nothing much less. It helps to notice as effectively that prostitution is prohibited in Japan ever since 1956. In truth, this concept that geishas are prostitutes might need come about not solely from Hollywood motion pictures that misrepresented them but in addition from individuals who have mistaken geisha for “oiran” (the true high-ranking courtesans again in olden Japan; since 1956, they not exist).
In hanamachi communities like these in Kyoto, a few of the primary necessities is that you simply have to be a Japanese lady who graduated from center faculty, you have to be 15 or 16 years outdated, you will need to have black hair, you will need to not be taller than 160cm, you’re at the very least 43kg in weight, are prepared to coach within the conventional arts for years with out contact with your loved ones, and so on.
Often, you or your dad or mum would wish to contact the guild of all of the hanamachi companies to use — as soon as they take into account you an excellent candidate, they’ll ship out your picture and profile to okiya (geisha homes) that may be fascinated by coaching you. Different okiya may even require an introduction, whereas some others will settle for purposes from nearly anybody via e-mail or phone.
In case you are non-Japanese, Kyoto is a tough atmosphere to enter into as a result of they’re nonetheless fiercely conventional. You’re higher off making an attempt your probabilities elsewhere like Tokyo who’re extra lenient in the direction of accepting foreigners. To do that, you’ll be able to apply to an okiya your self via cellphone or e-mail, however it will likely be lots higher if you already know somebody who can introduce you to an okasan or a mom of an okiya/geisha home. Talking of which, do NOT attempt to apply should you don’t know tips on how to communicate the Japanese language but; in any other case, completely no okiya will take you!
The commonest reply is that they’ve been extremely impressed by the elusive and alluring world of the hanamachi and its neighborhood of chic geisha. Many of the women, nevertheless, don’t debut as a geisha due to the tough way of life; whereas others merely simply need to expertise working as a maiko with no plans to realize a geisha debut.
So long as an individual is working as a geisha, they need to stay single — therefore, a geisha should not get married. The one factor they’re allowed to be “married into” is their artwork or occupation. If a geisha really desires to get married, they must stop or retire as a geisha and that is celebrated via a ceremony referred to as hiki-iwai. As soon as they stop, it’s not potential to return again as a geisha however it’s potential to grow to be an okami-san (proprietress of both an ochaya or okiya). That is typically the norm in locations like Kyoto, however there at the moment are a whole lot of locations in Japan like Tokyo that permit married, divorced, and/or ladies with kids to grow to be geisha. Likewise, maiko are usually not allowed to have boyfriends.
For geisha, as they’re already educated for the occupation, they’ve extra freedom to take days off in addition to create their very own schedule. Nevertheless, for maiko who’re geisha-in-training, the principles are fairly strict as a result of they’re anticipated to give attention to the normal arts. Often, they’re solely allowed 1 or 2 days off monthly!! Which means they’d not see their household throughout their entire coaching interval. Maiko can take longer holidays for the three main holidays in Japan although, comparable to New Yr, Golden Week (a group of 4 nationwide holidays in 7 days held round Might), and Obon (Buddhist occasion in August).
From the second {that a} maiko is accepted to an okiya, they’re bonded by a contract whereby the okiya will shoulder ALL their bills for lodging and coaching; in trade, as soon as a maiko really begins performing, she’s going to progressively repay that debt to the okiya via her work. So no, maiko don’t obtain a wage as a result of they aren’t full-fledged geisha but (however on their days off, maiko are given a small allowance).
Geisha, however, obtain compensation and it’ll rely upon the quantity of labor they obtain that’s, after all, altogether depending on their expertise and recognition. Their actual wage just isn’t extensively shared however to present you an thought, it could actually begin from $3,000 to $10,000 — and extra! If they’re extremely fashionable, geisha will even typically obtain luxurious presents and objects from followers, patrons, and shoppers.
It’s stated that previously, provided that there was no electrical energy, sporting white make-up as a basis (shiro-nuri) was practiced as a result of a geisha’s face will then be higher seen within the candlelight. This beauty observe remained right this moment and has grow to be a signature look of each geisha and maiko. In any case, it helps create a putting distinction to their general look in a kimono.
Aside from the kimono, the most costly accent is often the pocchiri or obidome which is an adjunct on the obi (belt) that’s made of costly actual jewels comparable to jade, agate, quartz, pearl, and others. These are sometimes expensive, beginning at a worth of $5,000 and past (a few of which may simply match the value of a luxurious automobile). Usually nevertheless, a pocchiri accent is just often worn by a maiko.
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General
I hope this text helped make you achieve extra perception into the mysterious but charming world of geishas and their apprentice maikos. It took me some time to complete this however I actually loved writing it… and I hope you loved it as effectively!
If in case although that that is the primary time you’ve heard of Japan’s geishas, it’s subsequently additionally my hope that you simply’ve now found an excellent appreciation and assist for his or her wondrous traditions.
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P.S.: In case you are extra educated about geishas than me and that I’ve by chance made a false assertion above, do let me know within the feedback beneath. In any case, I perceive that this custom maintains an air of mysteriousness and anonymity because it provides to their general ‘attract’; subsequently, there may be some conflicting details on-line and in some supplies and interviews. Regardless, I’m fairly assured with the accuracy of the issues above particularly after doing lengthy hours of analysis after which conversing with genuine geishas to confirm my details. Let me know!
